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Apostolic Fathers
The Apostolic Fathers is a term used to describe a group of Early Christian writings produced in the late 1st century and the first half of the 2nd century.〔Cf. (Philip Schaff: The Apostolic Fathers, with Justin Martyr and Irenaeus )〕 These writings, though popular in Early Christianity, were ultimately not part of the New Testament once it reached its final form. Many of the writings derive from the same time period and geographical location as other works of early Christian literature that did come to be part of the final form of the New Testament, and some of the writings found among the "Apostolic Fathers" seem to have been just as highly regarded as some of the writings (that remained) in the New Testament.
==Apostolic Fathers: Works included and use of the term==
The following writings are generally grouped together as the "Apostolic Fathers":〔Cross, F. L. & Livingstone E.A. eds. ''The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church'' art. Apostolic Fathers, The Oxford University Press (1974)〕 Letters attributed to Clement of Rome and Ignatius of Antioch, the Didache, the Epistle of Barnabas, a letter by and the martyrdom of Polycarp of Smyrna, fragments preserving statements by and about Papias of Hierapolis, the Shepherd of Hermas, and the Epistle to Diognetus.〔Some editors place the Epistle to Diognetus among the apologetic writings, rather than among the Apostolic Fathrers (Stevenson, J. ''A New Eusebius'' SPCK (1965) p. 400).〕
The label "Apostolic Fathers" has been applied to these writings only since the 17th century, to indicate that they were thought of as representing the generation that had personal contact with the Twelve Apostles. The earliest known use of the term "Apostolic(al) Fathers" was by William Wake in 1693, when he was chaplain in ordinary to King William and Queen Mary of England〔See (H.J. de Jonge: On the origin of the term "Apostolic Fathers" ); but note now D. Lincicum, "The Paratextual Invention of the Term 'Apostolic Fathers'," Journal of Theological Studies (2015)〕 According to the ''Catholic Encyclopedia,'' the use of the term "Apostolic Fathers" can be traced to a 1672 title of Jean-Baptiste Cotelier, his ''SS. Patrum qui temporibus apostolicis floruerunt opera'' ("Works of the holy fathers who flourished in the apostolic times"), which title was abbreviated to ''Bibliotheca Patrum Apostolicorum'' by L. J. Ittig in his edition (Leipzig, 1699) of the same writings.
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